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Related Concept Videos

X-ray Crystallography02:18

X-ray Crystallography

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The size of the unit cell and the arrangement of atoms in a crystal may be determined from measurements of the diffraction of X-rays by the crystal, termed X-ray crystallography.
Diffraction
Diffraction is the change in the direction of travel experienced by an electromagnetic wave when it encounters a physical barrier whose dimensions are comparable to those of the wavelength of the light. X-rays are electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths about as long as the distance between neighboring...
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Cryo-electron Microscopy01:28

Cryo-electron Microscopy

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Conventional electron microscopy (EM) involves dehydration, fixation, and staining of biological samples, which distorts the native state of biological molecules and results in several artifacts. Also, the high-energy electron beam damages the sample and makes it difficult to obtain high-resolution images. These issues can be addressed using cryo-EM, which uses frozen samples and gentler electron beams. The technique was developed by Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank, and Richard Henderson, for...
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X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples01:10

X-ray Diffraction of Biological Samples

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X-ray diffraction or XRD is an analytical tool that utilizes X-rays to study ordered structures such as crystalline organic and inorganic samples, polycrystalline materials, proteins, carbohydrates, and drugs.
According to Bragg's law, when X-rays strike the sample positioned on a stage, the rays are  scattered by the electron clouds around the sample atoms. The  X-ray diffraction or scattering is caused by constructive interference of the X-ray waves that reflect off the internal...
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Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction01:07

Electron Microscope Tomography and Single-particle Reconstruction

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Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) can be used to determine the 3D structure of biological samples with the help of techniques such as electron microscope tomography and single-particle reconstruction. While single-particle reconstruction can examine macromolecules and macromolecular complexes in vitro conditions only, tomography permits the study of cell components or small cells in vivo.
Electron Tomography
Electron tomography can be performed either in TEM or STEM (scanning transmission...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
30.4K
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

47.9K
Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Microcrystal Electron Diffraction of Small Molecules
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Microcrystal Electron Diffraction of Small Molecules

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Electron crystallography.

Alexander J Blake1, Marc de Boissieu2, Ashwini Nangia3

  • 1School of Chemistry, The University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.

Iucrj
|October 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Explore the latest advancements in electron crystallography through a special issue of Acta Crystallographica, Section B. This collection offers valuable insights for researchers in the field.

Keywords:
data processingelectron crystallographyelectron diffraction

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Crystallography
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Electron crystallography is a powerful technique for determining the structure of materials at the atomic level.
  • Recent advancements have expanded its applications in various scientific disciplines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a curated collection of recent research in electron crystallography.
  • To highlight the significance and diverse applications of electron crystallography.

Main Methods:

  • The special issue features studies employing various electron diffraction and imaging techniques.
  • Methods include high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning electron diffraction (SED).

Main Results:

  • The contributions showcase novel structural determinations of crystalline materials.
  • Applications range from inorganic compounds to organic molecules and biological macromolecules.

Conclusions:

  • Electron crystallography continues to be a vital tool for materials characterization and structure elucidation.
  • The special issue underscores the dynamic nature and broad impact of this field.