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Related Concept Videos

Development of Immunocompetence01:22

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
The initial cells that migrate from the fetal thymus settle within the skin and epithelial tissues lining the mouth, digestive tract, and in females, the uterus and vagina. These cells, including skin-based dendritic cells, serve as antigen-presenting cells, playing a key role in T cell activation.
Subsequent T...
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Anatomy of the Intestines01:23

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Although digestion of proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids may begin in the stomach, it is completed in the intestine. The absorption of nutrients, water, and electrolytes from food and drink also occurs in the intestine. The intestines can be divided into two structurally distinct organs—the small and large intestines.
Small Intestines
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Renewal of Intestinal Stem Cells01:23

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The intestinal epithelial lining rapidly renews every 4 to 5 days. The renewal is facilitated by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the base of the crypt– a gland located at the bottom of each villus. ISCs divide asymmetrically to form new stem cells and progenitor daughter cells. The daughter cells are called transit-amplifying (TA) cells which move upwards along the crypt and either differentiate into absorptive cells– the enterocytes or secretory cells– including the...
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Transcytosis of IgG01:15

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Transcytosis is the process in which molecules are internalized by endocytosis, transported across the cell, and released through exocytosis from the opposite end of the cell. Molecules such as insulin, immunoglobulins, and certain nutrients are transferred through the recycling endosomes by recycling and transcytosis.
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Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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Mucosal Barrier of the Stomach01:25

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The gastric glands contain parietal cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) for digestion. The cells secrete HCl because it is highly corrosive and essential for breaking down food. To achieve this, they secrete hydrogen and chloride ions into the lumen of the gastric glands, which combine to form HCl.
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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

A Murine Model of Fetal Exposure to Maternal Inflammation to Study the Effects of Acute Chorioamnionitis on Newborn Intestinal Development
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Preterm neonatal immunology at the intestinal interface.

Max Van Belkum1, Lybil Mendoza Alvarez1, Josef Neu2

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|October 3, 2019
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maternal factors and early life exposures significantly shape neonatal intestinal immunity. Interventions like antibiotics can disrupt this delicate balance, increasing disease risk in newborns, particularly preterm infants.

Keywords:
BreastmilkC-sectionGutMicrobiotaPrematuritySterile womb

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal immunology
  • Gastrointestinal health
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Fetal and neonatal development is a critical period influencing lifelong health.
  • Intestinal immunity development is crucial for preventing neonatal diseases.
  • Maternal exposures significantly impact fetal development and immune programming.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development of intestinal immunity in neonates.
  • To explore the implications of early life exposures on neonatal intestinal immunity and disease.
  • To examine the role of the microbiome and immune responses in neonatal health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on fetal and neonatal intestinal immunity.
  • Analysis of maternal nutritional and environmental influences.
  • Examination of the impact of medical interventions (antibiotics, steroids, surgery) on neonatal gut microbiota and immune system.

Main Results:

  • Early life exposures, including maternal factors and medical interventions, profoundly influence the developing neonatal gut microbiome and immune system.
  • Antibiotics, steroids, and surgical interventions can promote pro-inflammatory dysbiosis in neonates.
  • The neonatal microbiome and immune system interactions are critical for establishing intestinal immune homeostasis, with disruptions linked to diseases like necrotizing enterocolitis and sepsis.

Conclusions:

  • The neonatal period is a sensitive window where intestinal immunity is established.
  • Early life interventions and exposures can lead to long-term immune dysregulation and increased susceptibility to neonatal diseases.
  • Understanding these complex interactions is vital for improving outcomes in vulnerable neonates, especially preterm infants.