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Related Concept Videos

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

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The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
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The Effect of Aging on Tissues01:19

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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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The Functions of the Skeletal System01:22

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The most apparent functions of the skeletal system are support, protection, and movement. However, bone tissue also performs several other critical metabolic functions. For one, the bone matrix acts as a reservoir for a number of minerals important to the functioning of the body, especially calcium and phosphorus. These minerals, present in the bone tissue, can be released back into the bloodstream when required. Calcium ions, for example, are essential for muscle contractions and controlling...
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Introduction to the Skeletal System01:20

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The skeletal system is the central framework of the body, consisting of different connective tissues: bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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The Aging Skeleton.

David Goltzman1

  • 1Department of Medicine, McGill University and McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada. david.goltzman@mcgill.ca.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|October 3, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Skeletal aging involves progressive bone loss and changes in bone quality, increasing fracture risk. These alterations are influenced by cellular and molecular events, genetics, and can be exacerbated by malignancies and cancer therapies.

Keywords:
Bone remodelingMalignancyOsteoblastsOsteoclastsOsteoporosis

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Orthopedics
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Skeletal aging is characterized by progressive bone loss after peak bone mass attainment.
  • Bone loss rates differ between sexes and skeletal sites, with accelerated loss in women during perimenopause.
  • Aging affects both bone quantity and quality, including microarchitecture and material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted changes in the aging skeleton.
  • To explore the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying age-related bone alterations.
  • To discuss the impact of aging, genetics, malignancies, and therapies on skeletal health.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of skeletal aging processes.
  • Analysis of changes in bone quantity, quality, microarchitecture, and material properties.
  • Examination of cellular and molecular events regulating bone remodeling.

Main Results:

  • Aging leads to decreased bone quantity and altered bone quality, increasing osteoporosis and fracture risk.
  • Genetic and epigenetic factors contribute to osteoporosis predisposition.
  • Cellular processes like osteoclastic resorption and osteoblastic formation are critical in aging bone.
  • Malignancies and anti-cancer treatments can induce skeletal lesions and fractures.

Conclusions:

  • Skeletal aging is a complex process involving quantitative and qualitative bone changes.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for managing osteoporosis and fracture risk in aging populations.
  • Further research into cellular and molecular mechanisms can inform therapeutic strategies for age-related bone diseases.