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DNA Isolation

DNA Isolation

DNA isolation protocols can be fast and straightforward or complex and time-consuming depending on the type and quality of DNA required for further processing. For example, plasmid DNA extraction is a bit more complicated than genomic DNA extraction because of the need for an appropriate lysis method to separate plasmid DNA from gDNA during isolation. However, for specific applications, such as long-range DNA sequencing that require a good yield of high- quality DNA samples, we need to follow...

DNA Isolation

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Optimized Bone Sampling Protocols for the Retrieval of Ancient DNA from Archaeological Remains

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Published on: November 30, 2021

A Powder-free DNA Extraction Workflow for Skeletal Samples.

Michelle Harrel¹, Sheree Hughes-Stamm^1,2

¹Department of Forensic Science, College of Criminal Justice, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, 77340.

Journal of Forensic Sciences

|October 3, 2019

Summary

Forensic DNA extraction from skeletal remains can be simplified. A new method avoids powdering bone or teeth, offering a faster screening tool for DNA profiling and potentially improving laboratory efficiency.

Keywords:

DNA PrepFiler® BTA™ forensic DNA extraction kit bone forensic biology forensic science short tandem repeats skeletonized human remains

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Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

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Area of Science:

Forensic science
Molecular biology
Anthropology

Background:

Skeletal material processing for DNA extraction presents significant challenges, including labor intensity, time consumption, specialized equipment needs, and contamination risks.
Current protocols often require powdering bone or teeth, which adds complexity and time to the workflow.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate a non-powdering DNA extraction method for skeletal samples using the PrepFiler® BTA™ Forensic DNA Extraction Kit.
To optimize sample mass and incubation times for efficient DNA recovery from whole bone chips.
To assess the effectiveness of this method on diverse skeletal remains from human cadavers.

Main Methods:

Testing various sample masses (e.g., 50 mg, 150 mg) and incubation times (2, 4, 16 hours) with whole bone chips.
Applying the optimized method to bones and tooth fragments from human cadavers using an automated platform.
Comparing results with traditional powdering methods for challenging samples.

Main Results:

Over 33% of skeletal samples yielded full DNA profiles without powdering or protocol modification.
Incomplete short tandem repeat (STR) profiles were more common in non-powdered samples with low DNA yields.
Powdered tissue provided slightly improved results for samples with limited DNA.

Conclusions:

A faster, non-powdering DNA extraction method shows promise for processing skeletal samples.
This approach can serve as an effective first-pass screening tool in forensic laboratories.
Further optimization may be needed for samples with very low DNA quantities.