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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
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Community-wide Screening for Tuberculosis in a High-Prevalence Setting.

Guy B Marks1, Nhung V Nguyen1, Phuong T B Nguyen1

  • 1From the Woolcock Institute of Medical Research (G.B.M., P.T.B.N., T.-A.N., K.B.L., D.T.T.T., Q.T.N.V., O.T.T.L., Y.H.N., P.H.M., J.H., G.J.F.), the National Lung Hospital (N.V.N., H.B.N.), the National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (V.-A.T.N..), and the National Tuberculosis Control Program (N.V.N., H.B.N., K.H.T., S.V.N.), Hanoi, and the Center for Social Disease Control, Ca Mau (K.H.T., S.V.N.) - all in Vietnam; the South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales (G.B.M., J.H.), and the Faculty of Medicine and Health (G.B.M., N.V.N., T.-A.N., V.Q.D., P.H.M., V.S., W.J.B., G.J.F.) and the Centenary Institute (W.J.B.), University of Sydney, Sydney, the School of Social Sciences, Monash, Clayton, VIC (P.H.M.), and the Department of Anthropology, Macquarie University, North Ryde, NSW (P.H.M.) - all in Australia; the Center for Operational Research, International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris (H.B.N.); and the Global Tuberculosis Program, World Health Organization, Geneva (L.N.N.).

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Active community-wide tuberculosis screening significantly reduced prevalence in Vietnam. This public health strategy shows promise for achieving global tuberculosis elimination targets.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Clinical Trials

Background:

  • The World Health Organization has established ambitious goals for global tuberculosis elimination.
  • Current progress rates are insufficient to meet these targets, necessitating innovative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of active community-wide tuberculosis screening compared to standard passive case detection.
  • To determine the impact of screening on tuberculosis prevalence in Ca Mau Province, Vietnam.

Main Methods:

  • A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in Ca Mau Province, Vietnam.
  • Annual screening for pulmonary tuberculosis using nucleic acid amplification testing was performed in 60 intervention clusters for three years.
  • Control clusters received standard passive case detection only.

Main Results:

  • Pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence was significantly lower in the intervention group (126 per 100,000) compared to the control group (226 per 100,000) in the fourth year (prevalence ratio, 0.56; P<0.001).
  • No significant difference in tuberculosis infection prevalence was observed in children born in 2012 between the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Three years of community-wide screening effectively reduced pulmonary tuberculosis prevalence.
  • Active screening is a viable strategy to accelerate progress towards global tuberculosis elimination goals.