Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Analgesia and Pain Management01:25

Analgesia and Pain Management

1.4K
Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
1.4K
Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids01:15

Opioid Analgesics: Synthetic and Semisynthetic Opioids

872
Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
872
Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners01:20

Opioid Analgesics: Morphine and Other Natural Cogeners

796
Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
796
Opioid Receptors: Overview01:22

Opioid Receptors: Overview

3.8K
Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
3.8K
Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena01:15

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

1.1K
Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...
1.1K
Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis01:20

Desensitization and Tachyphylaxis

2.9K
Tachyphylaxis is described as a rapid decrease in response to a drug after repeated or continuous administration of the same drug dose. It is a phenomenon where the body becomes less responsive to a particular substance or intervention over time, requiring higher doses or stronger interventions to achieve the same effect. It results from adaptive changes in the body's receptors, signaling pathways, or physiological processes that occur in response to prolonged exposure to a stimulus.
2.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

An orthotopic organoid-based model to study early CD8⁺ T cell dysfunction and immunotherapy response in colorectal cancer.

Oncoimmunology·2026
Same author

STAT4 drives optimal expansion and transcriptional repression of type I interferon pathway in inflammatory ILC2.

Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS·2026
Same author

TNF-α deficiency underlies NK cell dysfunction in colorectal cancer.

Oncoimmunology·2026
Same author

Neural representations of perceived engagement during action observation.

NeuroImage·2026
Same author

Cellular senescence in the innervated niche modulates cancer-associated pain: an emerging therapeutic target?

Frontiers in immunology·2025
Same author

Cxcr3 promotes protection from colorectal cancer liver metastasis by driving NK cell infiltration and plasticity.

The Journal of clinical investigation·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

34.0K

Opioid-Induced Tolerance and Hyperalgesia.

Sebastiano Mercadante1,2, Edoardo Arcuri3, Angela Santoni4

  • 1Main Regional Center of Supportive/Palliative Care, La Maddalena Cancer Center, Palermo, Italy. terapiadeldolore@lamaddalenanet.it.

CNS Drugs
|October 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Opioid medications can cause tolerance and opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), worsening pain. Interventional techniques can reduce opioid dosage and OIH by decreasing pain input.

More Related Videos

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
12:20

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Published on: June 10, 2013

21.8K
Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery
09:38

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery

Published on: April 14, 2016

13.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities
07:23

Assessment of Morphine-induced Hyperalgesia and Analgesic Tolerance in Mice Using Thermal and Mechanical Nociceptive Modalities

Published on: July 29, 2014

34.0K
Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
12:20

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device OPAD to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior

Published on: June 10, 2013

21.8K
Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery
09:38

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery

Published on: April 14, 2016

13.1K

Area of Science:

  • Pain Management and Pharmacology
  • Neuroscience and Cellular Biology

Background:

  • Opioids are effective for pain but cause adverse effects like tolerance and dependence.
  • Opioid tolerance necessitates dose escalation, potentially leading to opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH).
  • OIH is a paradoxical hypersensitivity to pain, exacerbating the condition despite opioid use.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the mechanisms of opioid tolerance and OIH.
  • To discuss strategies for managing opioid-induced hyperalgesia and reducing opioid consumption.
  • To highlight the role of interventional techniques in mitigating opioid-related complications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on opioid pharmacology, tolerance, and OIH mechanisms.
  • Analysis of therapeutic strategies for managing chronic pain and opioid-induced adverse effects.
  • Examination of interventional pain management techniques.

Main Results:

  • Opioid tolerance involves cellular and systemic adaptations.
  • Opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) can result from dose escalation in long-term opioid therapy.
  • Interventional techniques can decrease pain input, allowing for reduced opioid doses.

Conclusions:

  • Managing opioid tolerance and OIH requires tailored, individualized treatment plans.
  • Interventional pain management strategies are crucial for reducing opioid dosage and mitigating OIH.
  • Intrathecal therapy and sympathetic blocks are common interventional approaches for OIH.