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Approach to pediatric rotational limb deformities
Huthayfa Kahf1, Yazeed Kesbeh1, Eric van Baarsel2
1School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, CA.
Insights
In-toeing in children, often linked to femoral anteversion, tibial torsion, or metatarsus adductus, is a common developmental variation. This review helps healthcare providers confidently manage these pediatric gait concerns.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Orthopedics
- Developmental Pediatrics
- Pediatric Gait Analysis
Background:
- Pediatric lower extremity complaints, particularly gait abnormalities like in-toeing, are frequent reasons for seeking medical attention.
- In-toeing is a common developmental variant in children, often observed between six months and five years as coordination skills develop.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the three most common causes of in-toeing in pediatric patients.
- To provide healthcare providers with the knowledge to confidently address common pediatric gait abnormalities.
Main Methods:
- Review of the literature on pediatric in-toeing.
- Focus on femoral anteversion (FA), tibial torsion (TT), and metatarsus adductus (MA).
Main Results:
- Femoral anteversion, tibial torsion, and metatarsus adductus are the primary contributors to pediatric in-toeing.
- Understanding these variations is key for accurate diagnosis and management.
Conclusions:
- In-toeing is a prevalent developmental variation in children.
- This review equips providers to manage common pediatric lower extremity gait concerns effectively.
Abstract:
Pediatric lower extremity complaints are a common source of concern for parents. Gait concerns such as in-toeing are considered a developmental variant of childhood growth and are a common reason for visits to a pediatrician. In-toeing specifically is a common anatomic structural variation encountered by pediatric primary care providers and pediatric orthopedic specialists and may be accentuated between six months and five years during which children are developing their coordination skills. This study focuses on the three most common causes of in-toeing in the pediatric population; femoral anteversion (FA), tibial torsion (TT), and metatarsus adductus (MA) with the purpose of providing a brief review to give providers confidence in addressing these common developmental abnormalities.
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