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Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Development and Evaluation of 3D-Printed Cardiovascular Phantoms for Interventional Planning and Training
Published on: January 18, 2021
Inez Torres1, Nelson De Luccia2
1Discipline of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, São Paulo University Medical School, Rua Oscar Freire, 1546, ap 33, Pinheiros, São Paulo - SP 05409-010, Brazil.
Three-dimensional (3D) printing creates realistic vascular models for endovascular training. This technology enhances surgical planning and improves resident performance and confidence in complex procedures.
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