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Information use in risky decision making: Do age differences depend on affective context?

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Older adults use less decision-making information, regardless of context. Executive function, not general mental ability, predicts information use, highlighting its importance in aging decision-making.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Decision-making under risk involves processing uncertainty information.
  • Older adults may exhibit altered information processing compared to younger individuals.
  • Decision context (deliberative vs. affective) can influence decision strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how decision context affects information use in older adults facing risk.
  • To examine if general mental ability and executive function moderate age-related differences in information use.
  • To determine the role of executive function and mental ability in information use across the lifespan.

Main Methods:

  • 96 participants completed neuropsychological assessments.
  • Participants engaged in hot (affective) and cold (deliberative) explicit risk tasks.
  • Analysis focused on information use (probability, outcome magnitudes, expected value, variance) and its relation to age and cognitive function.

Main Results:

  • No significant Age × Condition interaction on risk-taking was found.
  • Older adults consistently used less available decision information across contexts.
  • Older adults were less likely to make expected-value sensitive decisions.
  • Lower executive functioning, not general mental ability, was linked to reduced information use, particularly in older age.

Conclusions:

  • Age-related declines in information use appear global, irrespective of decision context.
  • Executive function is a critical moderator of information use in decision-making, especially with aging.
  • Underlying decision mechanisms, like information processing, are crucial, potentially more so than affective context differences.