Current targeted therapies in lymphomas.

Area of Science:

• Hematology
• Oncology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Lymphomas, including B-cell and T-cell types, represent significant hematologic malignancies.
• Treatment paradigms have historically relied on chemotherapy and radiation, with limited targeted options.
• Recent advancements have focused on molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To summarize currently approved targeted therapies for B- and T-cell lymphomas.
• To provide an overview of the mechanisms of action and examples of these novel agents.
• To highlight the evolving therapeutic landscape and future directions in lymphoma treatment.

Main Methods:

• Review of regulatory-approved targeted therapies for B- and T-cell lymphomas.
• Categorization of therapies based on targets, such as CD20, CD19, CD30, and signaling pathways.
• Inclusion of antibody-drug conjugates, gene transfer therapies, small-molecule inhibitors, and immunotherapies targeting the tumor microenvironment.

Main Results:

• Approved targeted therapies for B-cell lymphomas include anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies (rituximab, ofatumumab, obinutuzumab), CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor-modified T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, and B-cell receptor signaling inhibitors (ibrutinib, acalabrutinib, etc.).
• Brentuximab vedotin targets CD30 and is approved for Hodgkin lymphoma and some T-cell lymphomas.
• Epigenetic inhibitors are approved for T-cell lymphomas, and therapies targeting the tumor microenvironment (e.g., mogamulizumab, nivolumab) are also available.

Conclusions:

• The range of targeted drug therapies for B- and T-cell lymphomas has expanded substantially over the past two decades.
• Supportive care is crucial for managing on- or off-target toxicities associated with these effective agents.
• Ongoing research and clinical trials are essential to optimize treatment strategies and identify patients likely to benefit from durable responses.