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Neural structures supporting spontaneous and assisted (entrained) speech fluency.

Leonardo Bonilha¹, Argye E Hillis², Janina Wilmskoetter¹

¹Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, 96 Jonathan Lucas St, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.

Brain : a Journal of Neurology

|October 4, 2019

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Speech entrainment aids fluency in non-fluent aphasia patients. Preservation of ventral stream structures, like the middle temporal gyrus, predicts better outcomes compared to spontaneous speech.

Keywords:

aphasia machine learning speech fluency speech therapy stroke

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Speech-Language Pathology
Neurology

Background:

Non-fluent speech is a common post-stroke aphasia impairment, posing significant rehabilitation challenges.
Speech entrainment is a technique to improve fluency, but its mechanisms and individual variability are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate behavioral and neuroanatomical factors linked to improved speech fluency using speech entrainment.
To identify specific brain regions associated with successful speech entrainment outcomes in aphasia.

Main Methods:

Utilized a lesion-symptom mapping approach correlating MRI-defined stroke locations with speech fluency metrics.
Employed a shallow neural network for statistical analysis and predictive modeling of neuroanatomical factors.
Measured speech entrainment/picture description ratio to quantify fluency improvement.

Main Results:

Individuals with preserved posterior middle temporal gyrus and ventral stream connections (inferior fronto-occipital and uncinate fasciculi) showed better speech entrainment outcomes.
Lesions in typical non-fluent aphasia areas (superior longitudinal fasciculus, frontal, parietal, insular cortices) were observed.
A higher speech entrainment/picture description ratio indicated greater fluency gains.

Conclusions:

Preservation of ventral stream structures alongside dorsal stream damage facilitates better speech fluency with speech entrainment.
Findings offer insights into the neural mechanisms of non-fluent aphasia and speech entrainment.
Results have implications for targeted rehabilitation strategies for non-fluent aphasia.