Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Persistent impairments in muscle function and symptom burden in post-COVID syndrome: a prospective longitudinal study.

Journal of translational medicine·2026

Same author

Retinal Vascular Caliber: 6 to 12 Months and 15 to 25 Years Following Hypertensive Pregnancy.

Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)·2026

Same author

Persistent choroidal folds in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease.

Multiple sclerosis and related disorders·2026

Same author

An in-depth analysis of the molecular changes induced by short-term calorie restriction before living kidney donation.

npj aging·2026

Same author

Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Retinal Neuronal Loss as Additive Prognostic Markers of Disability in Multiple Sclerosis.

Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation·2026

Same author

Retinal vessel imaging in inflammatory disease: From endothelial dysfunction to clinical evidence and translation.

Progress in retinal and eye research·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Published on: March 26, 2020

Retinal endothelial function in cardiovascular risk patients: A randomized controlled exercise trial.

Lukas Streese¹, Konstantin Kotliar², Arne Deiseroth¹

¹Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports

|October 4, 2019

Summary

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) improved retinal endothelial function in adults with cardiovascular risk factors. This exercise intervention shows potential for managing small vessel disease progression in at-risk populations.

Keywords:

cardiovascular disease cerebrovascular health high-intensity interval training retinal microcirculation

More Related Videos

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies

Published on: October 22, 2014

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Published on: March 26, 2020

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies

Fundus Photography as a Convenient Tool to Study Microvascular Responses to Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Epidemiological Studies

Published on: October 22, 2014

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People

Published on: July 5, 2017

Area of Science:

Cardiovascular Medicine
Ophthalmology
Exercise Physiology

Background:

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) poses a significant health risk, particularly in middle-aged adults.
Endothelial dysfunction in retinal microvasculature is an early indicator of systemic vascular damage.
Limited research exists on the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on retinal microvascular function in individuals with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of a 12-week HIIT program on retinal microvascular endothelial function in middle-aged patients with increased CV risk.
To assess changes in retinal arteriolar and venular function following HIIT.
To explore the relationship between improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and retinal endothelial function.

Main Methods:

A randomized controlled trial involving sedentary middle-aged patients (aged 58±6 years) with at least two CV risk factors.
Participants were assigned to either a 12-week HIIT program or a control group (CG) receiving standard physical activity recommendations.
Retinal endothelial function was measured using a retinal vessel analyzer, assessing maximal arteriolar (ADmax) and venular (VDmax) dilatation and flicker curve areas (AFarea, VFarea).

Main Results:

HIIT significantly improved retinal arteriolar function, indicated by increases in ADmax and AFarea compared to the CG.
No significant changes were observed in venular function.
Improvements in peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) after HIIT were significantly associated with enhanced ADmax and AFarea, independent of reductions in traditional CV risk factors.

Conclusions:

Twelve weeks of HIIT effectively improves retinal microvascular endothelial function in middle-aged individuals with increased CV risk.
Dynamic retinal vessel analysis is a sensitive method for detecting exercise-induced changes in microvascular function.
HIIT holds potential for mitigating or delaying small vessel disease progression in at-risk populations.