Idiotypic-antiidiotypic interactions in man

Anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies are directed against antigenic determinants expressed by the antigen-binding region of the immunoglobulin molecules. Their interaction with antigen receptors on immune cells modulates the immune response. In man auto-anti-Id antibodies have been demonstrated. These antibodies not only participate in the regulation of the immune response, but can result in disease as in the case of acquired angioedema with B cell malignancy and possibly in autoimmune diseases. Anti-Id antibodies may be useful tools in cancer immunotherapy and in the production of vaccines.