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Related Concept Videos

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types.  Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
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Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Cytoskeletal filaments are polymeric forms of smaller protein subunits. However, individual cytoskeletal filaments may easily disassemble or associate with other similar filaments to form rigid structures. Microfilaments, made of actin monomers, rely on actin-binding proteins to form bundles and create networks of individual actin filaments. Microtubules rely on microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) to form sturdy cylindrical structures. However, the proteins involved in forming complex...
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Polydentate ligands are most widely used in complexometric titrations because they form more stable complexes with the metal ions than mono- or bidentate ligands due to the chelate effect. Examples of polydentate ligands are ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), crown ethers, and cryptands. The most important feature of optimal polydentate ligands is the ability to form 1:1 complexes in a single-step process. Amino carboxylic acid derivatives are frequently used as complexing agents. EDTA is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Self-Assembly of Gamma-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids into Complex Nanostructures in Organic Solvent Mixtures
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Nucleic acids complexation with cationic elastin-like polypeptides: Stoichiometry and stability of nano-assemblies.

L M Bravo-Anaya1, B Garbay1, J L E Nando-Rodríguez2

  • 1Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, LCPO, UMR 5629, F-33600 Pessac, France.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science
|October 4, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Positively charged elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) were developed for genetic material compaction. These ELPs form stable nanoparticles with plasmid DNA, offering protection against dissociation under physiological conditions.

Keywords:
Chemoselective thioalkylationDNAELPElectrostatic interactionsPolyelectrolyte complexesStabilityStoichiometry

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Assembly and Characterization of Polyelectrolyte Complex Micelles
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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Gene Delivery

Background:

  • Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are versatile biopolymers with tunable properties.
  • Developing efficient and safe methods for genetic material compaction is crucial for gene therapy and biotechnology.
  • Post-modification of ELPs allows for the introduction of specific functionalities for enhanced complexation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize positively charged ELP derivatives for genetic material compaction.
  • To investigate the electrostatic complexation between ELP derivatives and plasmid DNA.
  • To determine the stability and properties of the resulting ELP-DNA nanoparticles.

Main Methods:

  • Recombinant ELP synthesis and post-modification to introduce amine groups.
  • Characterization using SDS-PAGE, size exclusion chromatography, 1H NMR, potentiometric titrations, and dynamic light scattering.
  • Electrostatic complexation studies with plasmid DNA, including stability assessments under physiological salt and surfactant conditions.

Main Results:

  • Successfully synthesized and functionalized positively charged ELPs with primary and secondary amine groups.
  • Identified optimal conditions for ELP-DNA complex formation, yielding stable nanoparticles.
  • Demonstrated that ELP-DNA complexes are stable up to charge ratios of 2.5 under physiological salt concentrations, protecting DNA from dissociation.

Conclusions:

  • Positively charged ELPs are effective polycations for condensing plasmid DNA.
  • The resulting ELP-DNA nanoparticles exhibit stability under physiological conditions, indicating potential for gene delivery applications.
  • The study provides a foundation for designing advanced ELP-based nanocarriers for genetic material delivery.