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Current concepts of non-coding RNA regulation of immune checkpoints in cancer

Maria Anna Smolle1, Felix Prinz2, George Adrian Calin3

  • 1Department for Orthopaedics & Trauma, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 5, 8036, Graz, Austria.

Molecular Aspects of Medicine
|October 5, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Non-coding RNAs regulate immune checkpoints in cancer. Understanding these interactions is crucial for developing new cancer immunotherapies and overcoming treatment resistance.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint molecules are key regulators of immune responses and cancer immune escape.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., CTLA-4, PD1/PD-L1) have revolutionized cancer therapy.
  • Understanding regulatory mechanisms is vital for overcoming resistance to current therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the interactions between non-coding RNAs and immune checkpoint molecules in human cancer.
  • To elucidate current and developing concepts linking the immunology and non-coding RNA fields.
  • To highlight the role of non-coding RNAs in cancer immune regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pre-clinical and clinical studies.
  • Analysis of research on non-coding RNAs (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs).
  • Synthesis of findings on immune checkpoint regulation in cancer.

Main Results:

  • Non-coding RNAs are involved in regulating diverse cellular processes relevant to cancer.
  • Interactions between non-coding RNAs and immune checkpoints are increasingly recognized.
  • These interactions offer potential targets for novel cancer immunotherapies.

Conclusions:

  • Non-coding RNAs play a significant role in modulating immune checkpoint pathways in cancer.
  • Targeting non-coding RNAs could enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.
  • Further research into the non-coding RNA-immune checkpoint axis is warranted for therapeutic advancements.
Keywords:
CancerImmune checkpoint moleculeNon-coding RNA

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