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Expression of testicular phosphorylated proteins in types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus in mice: An experimental study
Apichakan Sampannang1, Supatcharee Arun1, Jaturon Burawat1
1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen Thailand.
Background:
Types 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) are known to be the cause of sub/infertility. However, the comparisons of potential markers in spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in DM males have never been elucidated.
Objective:
This study aimed to examine the expressions of tyrosine-phosphorylated and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) proteins in testis of DM mice.
Materials And Methods:
Fifty-six male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups (n░=░14/ each): control of MLD-STZ (multiple low doses of streptozotocin), MLD-STZ, control of HFD-STZ (high-fat diet with STZ), and HFD-STZ. MLD-STZ mice (type 1 DM) were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with STZ at 40░mg/kg BW for five days. HFD-STZ mice (type 2 DM) received an HFD for 14 days and i.p.-induced by STZ at 85░mg/kg BW and fed with HFD. At the end of the experiment (days 36 and 72), the expressions of phosphorylated proteins and StAR were examined.
Results:
Tyrosine phosphorylated proteins were localized in late spermatids, luminal fluid, and Leydig cells. The intensities of phosphorylated 110, 85, 72, 60, and 55░kDas were lower in the 36 day-DM mice. Although such intensities were present in both groups, only 85░kDa in the MLD-STZ mice was higher in HFD mice at 72 days. StAR expressions in both groups were decreased than that of the controls.
Conclusion:
Decreased expressions of StAR and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins may be directly involved in low testosterone levels and impaired spermatogenesis. These findings support the notion that both DM types play a role in male infertility.
Insights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) impairs male fertility by reducing key proteins in spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis. Both type 1 and type 2 DM significantly decrease tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein expression in mouse testes.
Area of Science:
- Reproductive biology
- Endocrinology
- Diabetology
Background:
- Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a known cause of male infertility.
- Limited comparative data exists on spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis markers in males with type 1 and type 2 DM.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the expression of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins and steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein in the testes of mice with type 1 and type 2 DM.
Main Methods:
- Male C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: control, multiple low-dose streptozotocin (MLD-STZ) for type 1 DM, and high-fat diet with STZ (HFD-STZ) for type 2 DM.
- STZ was administered to induce diabetes, and protein expressions were analyzed at 36 and 72 days post-induction.
Main Results:
- Decreased levels of various tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins (110, 85, 72, 60, 55 kDa) were observed in DM mice at 36 days.
- Steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein expression was reduced in both type 1 and type 2 DM groups compared to controls.
Conclusions:
- Reduced expression of StAR and tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins are implicated in the low testosterone levels and impaired spermatogenesis seen in DM.
- Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus contribute to male infertility through these molecular mechanisms.