Use of EEG for Predicting Treatment Response to Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Aim. In this study we assessed the predictive power of quantitative EEG (qEEG) for the treatment response to right frontal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) using a machine learning approach. Method. The study included 50 OCD patients (35 responsive to TMS, 15 nonresponsive) who were treated with right frontal low frequency stimulation and identified retrospectively from Uskudar Unversity, NPIstanbul Brain Hospital outpatient clinic. All patients were diagnosed with OCD according to the DSM-IV-TR and DSM-5 criteria. We first extracted pretreatment band powers for patients. To explore the prediction accuracy of pretreatment EEG, we employed machine learning methods using an artificial neural network model. Results. Among 4 EEG bands, theta power successfully discriminated responsive from nonresponsive patients. Responsive patients had more theta powers for all electrodes as compared to nonresponsive patients. Discussion. qEEG could be helpful before deciding about treatment strategy in OCD. The limitations of our study are moderate sample size and limited number of nonresponsive patients and that treatment response was defined by clinicians and not by using a formal symptom measurement scale. Future studies with larger samples and prospective design would show the role of qEEG in predicting TMS response better.