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Related Concept Videos

Plasmids01:28

Plasmids

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Plasmids are extrachromosomal DNA molecules found in bacteria, archaea, and some eukaryotic microbes like yeast. These small, circular DNA structures typically contain fewer than 30 genes, although some may exist linearly. Plasmids vary in their number within a cell, known as copy number. Single-copy plasmids are present in one copy per cell and multi-copy plasmids are present in multiple copies, reaching over 100 copies per cell.Plasmids usually replicate independently of the chromosomal DNA...
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Bacterial identification relies on a diverse array of techniques to classify and understand microorganisms, each tailored to uncover specific characteristics. Traditional morphological approaches, while still valuable, are limited for closely related or structurally simple organisms. Modern methods integrate biochemical, serological, genetic, and advanced molecular tools to achieve greater accuracy.Morphological and Biochemical TechniquesMorphological characteristics, such as cell shape and...
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Advancements in molecular biology have revolutionized the identification and characterization of bacteria, with multiple methods leveraging DNA sequencing for enhanced precision. As sequencing technologies improve and costs decline, these approaches are increasingly used in clinical, environmental, and evolutionary studies.Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST) examines several housekeeping genes, essential chromosomal genes encoding cellular functions, to distinguish strains. Approximately...
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The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
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Plasmid Typing and Classification.

Laura Villa1, Alessandra Carattoli2

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Accurate plasmid identification is crucial for bacterial typing. Methods like PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) and degenerate primer MOB typing (DPMT) identify plasmids, while plasmid multiLocus sequence typing offers finer phylogenetic resolution.

Keywords:
Bacterial typingDPMTIncompatibility groupPBRTpMLST

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Plasmid identification and classification are vital for bacterial typing and understanding bacterial evolution.
  • Current PCR-based methods like PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) and degenerate primer MOB typing (DPMT) are widely used for plasmid analysis.
  • PBRT focuses on plasmid replicons, while DPMT targets relaxase genes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and highlight the importance of plasmid identification and classification in bacterial typing.
  • To discuss established PCR-based methods for plasmid analysis.
  • To introduce plasmid multiLocus sequence typing for enhanced phylogenetic resolution.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established PCR-based techniques: PCR-based replicon typing (PBRT) and degenerate primer MOB typing (DPMT).
  • Description of the targets for each method: replicons for PBRT and relaxase genes for DPMT.
  • Introduction of plasmid multiLocus sequence typing for detailed phylogenetic analysis.

Main Results:

  • PBRT and DPMT are effective PCR-based methods for plasmid identification and classification.
  • These methods provide essential data for bacterial typing.
  • Plasmid multiLocus sequence typing offers a higher resolution for determining phylogenetic relatedness among plasmids, particularly within Enterobacteriaceae.

Conclusions:

  • Plasmid identification is a key component of modern bacterial typing strategies.
  • PBRT and DPMT are valuable tools for routine plasmid analysis.
  • Plasmid multiLocus sequence typing provides a more refined approach to understanding plasmid evolution and epidemiology.