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Soil Is Not a Reservoir for Phellinus noxius.

Zong-Chi Wu1, Ya-Yun Chang1, Qiao-Juan Lai1

  • 1Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan.

Phytopathology
|October 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Phellinus noxius, the cause of brown root rot (BRR), is not a soilborne pathogen. Diseased host tissues, not soil, are the primary source of P. noxius inoculum, making them the focus for sanitation and detection efforts.

Keywords:
Phellinus noxiusbrown root rotdisseminationloquatmolecular detectionrhizospheresoil platingsurvival

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Pathology
  • Mycology
  • Forest Pathology

Background:

  • Phellinus noxius causes significant tree damage through brown root rot (BRR).
  • Inoculum sources for P. noxius have traditionally included basidiospores and infected host tissues.
  • The role of soil as a reservoir for P. noxius has remained unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if Phellinus noxius can survive or establish in soil independently of host tissues.
  • To investigate the dissemination of P. noxius from infected roots into surrounding soil.
  • To assess the potential of soil at infection sites to act as an inoculum source for new infections.

Main Methods:

  • Soil sampling at P. noxius infection sites before and after diseased tree removal.
  • Soil plating assays to isolate viable P. noxius colonies.
  • DNA-based detection of P. noxius in soil, including rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere samples.
  • Experimental inoculation of soil with P. noxius arthrospores and monitoring of DNA persistence after soil treatments (flooding, fumigation).
  • Replanting susceptible loquat (Eriobotrya japonica) in cleaned-up infection sites to test for disease development.

Main Results:

  • No viable P. noxius colonies were recovered from soil samples collected at infection sites.
  • While P. noxius DNA was detectable in soil, viable fungal isolation was unsuccessful, even from rhizosphere soils.
  • P. noxius DNA persisted in soil for several weeks after the fungus was eradicated by flooding or fumigation.
  • Replanted loquat trees in cleaned-up sites remained healthy, indicating the soil did not harbor infectious inoculum.

Conclusions:

  • Phellinus noxius is not a soilborne pathogen; its survival and spread are primarily linked to infected host tissues.
  • Diseased host tissues are the critical focus for effective field sanitation and diagnostic efforts against brown root rot.
  • Current management strategies should prioritize the complete removal and disposal of infected woody debris to prevent disease spread.