Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

358
Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
358
Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management01:28

Mitral Regurgitation IV: Nursing Management

279
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a condition where the mitral valve does not close properly, leading to the backward flow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium during systole. This condition can arise from various causes, including rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis, or degenerative valve disease. Effective nursing management is crucial to optimizing patient outcomes and involves comprehensive assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed...
279
Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests

313
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is a valvular heart disorder in which the mitral valve fails to close tightly, allowing blood to leak backward into the heart. Understanding the clinical manifestations, assessment, diagnostic findings, and medical management of MR is crucial to effectively managing affected patients.Clinical Manifestations of Mitral RegurgitationMitral regurgitation can be acute or chronic, each presenting differently and requiring different approaches:1. Acute Mitral...
313
Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

Mitral Regurgitation III: Medical Management

242
Mitral regurgitation (MR) is characterized by retrograde blood circulation from the left ventricle into the left atrium due to inadequate mitral valve closure. The severity of the condition, symptoms, and underlying cause determine treatment strategies.Monitoring and Pharmacological TreatmentPatients with mild to moderate MR typically do not need immediate intervention but regular monitoring to assess progression and guide treatment. Patients with mild MR should have an echocardiogram every 3-5...
242
Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

370
Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
370
Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests01:23

Mitral Stenosis II: Clinical features and Diagnostic Tests

186
Mitral stenosis is a heart condition in which the mitral valve, which allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle, becomes narrowed or stenotic. This narrowing hinders blood flow and leads to clinical symptoms requiring specific medical evaluations and management strategies. The following overview outlines the clinical symptoms, assessments, diagnostic findings, prevention methods, and treatments for mitral stenosis.Clinical ManifestationsDyspnea (shortness of breath): This...
186

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mental health status and related influencing factors of COVID-19 survivors in Wuhan, China.

Clinical and translational medicine·2020
Same author

Management of critically ill patients with COVID-19 in ICU: statement from front-line intensive care experts in Wuhan, China.

Annals of intensive care·2020
Same author

The Warburg Effect Promotes Mitochondrial Injury Regulated by Uncoupling Protein-2 in Septic Acute Kidney Injury.

Shock (Augusta, Ga.)·2020
Same author

MTA1 Promotes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Downregulation of DNA-PK-Mediated H1.2<sup>T146</sup> Phosphorylation.

Frontiers in oncology·2020
Same author

Thermal Hall effect from a modified Lorentz gas model.

Physical review. E·2020
Same author

FKF1 F-box protein promotes flowering in part by negatively regulating DELLA protein stability under long-day photoperiod in Arabidopsis.

Journal of integrative plant biology·2020
Same journal

Immunometabolism in Cardiovascular Disease: Linking Metabolic Reprogramming to Inflammation, Atherothrombosis, and Clinical Outcomes.

Cardiology in review·2026
Same journal

Cardiotoxicity of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in HER2-Positive Cancer: Beyond Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Decline.

Cardiology in review·2026
Same journal

Celiac Disease and Cardiovascular Disease: Epidemiology, Mechanisms, and Clinical Challenges.

Cardiology in review·2026
Same journal

Valve-Specific Comparative Effectiveness of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Vitamin K Antagonists After Surgical Valve Procedures in Atrial Fibrillation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Cardiology in review·2026
Same journal

Growing Heart Valves in Congenital Cardiac Surgery: Mechanisms and Considerations for Tissue-Engineered Heart Valves, Noncryopreserved Homografts, and Partial Heart Transplantation.

Cardiology in review·2026
Same journal

Implementation Gaps and Limitations of Statin Therapy in Young Adults: Bridging Guideline Recommendations and Real-World Practice.

Cardiology in review·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
11:50

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart

Published on: July 9, 2010

24.6K

Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Heart Failure.

Tara Shah1, Ming Zhong, Robert M Minutello

  • 1From the Division of Cardiology, Weill Cornell Medical College - New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY.

Cardiology in Review
|October 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) in heart failure is linked to poor outcomes. While medical therapy targets underlying issues, transcatheter treatments like MitraClip offer new hope for selected patients.

More Related Videos

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
07:42

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

Published on: May 19, 2020

7.5K
A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

4.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart
11:50

High-frequency High-resolution Echocardiography: First Evidence on Non-invasive Repeated Measure of Myocardial Strain, Contractility, and Mitral Regurgitation in the Ischemia-reperfused Murine Heart

Published on: July 9, 2010

24.6K
An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat
07:42

An Image Guided Transapical Mitral Valve Leaflet Puncture Model of Controlled Volume Overload from Mitral Regurgitation in the Rat

Published on: May 19, 2020

7.5K
A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair
08:31

A Simplified Stepwise Approach to Echo Guidance during Percutaneous Mitral Valve Repair

Published on: October 16, 2021

4.3K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Heart Failure Research
  • Interventional Cardiology

Background:

  • Functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) often accompanies left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and heart failure, indicating a poor prognosis.
  • FMR is typically a secondary condition resulting from LV remodeling, making its direct surgical correction controversial.
  • Current management emphasizes treating the underlying LV dysfunction as the primary approach.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology of FMR in the context of heart failure.
  • To discuss the prognosis associated with heart failure and co-existing FMR.
  • To outline current and emerging medical and interventional treatment strategies for FMR.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pathophysiology, prognosis, and treatment options for FMR.
  • Analysis of guideline-directed medical therapy for LV dysfunction.
  • Evaluation of transcatheter therapies, including the MitraClip system, for FMR.

Main Results:

  • FMR in heart failure patients is associated with significantly worse outcomes.
  • Guideline-directed medical therapy is the initial standard of care, focusing on LV dysfunction.
  • Minimally invasive transcatheter techniques, such as MitraClip, show promise for selected FMR patients.

Conclusions:

  • FMR is a significant contributor to poor prognosis in heart failure.
  • Treatment strategies must address both LV dysfunction and FMR.
  • Transcatheter interventions represent a promising advancement for managing FMR in specific patient populations.