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Persistent Changes in Child Behavior After Early Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

Charlotte Gagner1,2, Fanny Dégeilh1,2, Annie Bernier1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Journal of Pediatric Psychology
|October 5, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Children experiencing mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in early childhood show persistent internalizing and externalizing behavioral symptoms for at least 30 months. These early-life injuries can lead to long-lasting behavioral changes requiring clinical attention.

Keywords:
behaviorsconcussionsgrowth curve modelinglongitudinal researchpreschool periodtraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric neurology
  • Developmental psychology
  • Child psychiatry

Background:

  • Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in early childhood can impact neurodevelopment.
  • Behavioral symptoms are common sequelae of pediatric brain injuries.
  • Longitudinal data on behavioral changes post-mTBI in preschoolers is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document longitudinal changes in internalizing and externalizing behavioral symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) sustained between 18 and 60 months of age.
  • To compare behavioral trajectories in children with mTBI to typically developing and orthopedic-injured peers.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal study involving 226 children divided into three groups: mTBI, typically developing, and orthopedic injury.
  • Behavioral symptoms assessed using the Child Behavior Checklist at 6, 18, and 30 months post-injury.
  • Linear mixed-model analyses examined group differences in the trajectory of behavioral symptoms over 30 months.

Main Results:

  • Children with mTBI exhibited higher rates of internalizing and externalizing behavioral symptoms at baseline, persisting up to 30 months post-injury.
  • For up to 18 months post-injury, children with mTBI showed significantly more borderline or clinical range behavioral difficulties than control groups.
  • These behavioral symptoms indicate a potential need for clinical intervention in preschool-aged children following mTBI.

Conclusions:

  • Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in early childhood is associated with enduring behavioral changes lasting at least 30 months.
  • The persistence of these symptoms suggests a complex interaction between neurological and non-neurological factors.
  • Early identification and intervention for behavioral difficulties following pediatric mTBI are crucial.