Paediatric hepatitis C virus infection and its treatment: Present, past, and future

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Virology
• Pediatrics

Background:

• Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.
• Pediatric HCV infection presents significant medico-social challenges, particularly in low and middle-income countries.
• Effective HCV treatment and eradication are crucial for preventing long-term liver damage and improving health economics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and summarize current treatment updates for chronic Hepatitis C virus infection in children.
• To highlight the historical evolution of pediatric HCV treatment strategies.
• To focus on the impact of directly acting antiviral (DAA) agents in the new era of HCV therapy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of scientific publications on pediatric HCV treatment.
• Analysis of historical treatment approaches for chronic HCV in children.
• Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of directly acting antiviral (DAA) agents in pediatric populations.

Main Results:

• Directly acting antiviral (DAA) agents have revolutionized HCV treatment, offering high cure rates in children.
• The new DAA era provides a more effective and safer treatment paradigm compared to older therapies.
• Successful HCV eradication in children prevents chronic liver disease progression and associated complications.

Conclusions:

• Directly acting antiviral (DAA) therapy represents a breakthrough in managing pediatric Hepatitis C virus infection.
• The review underscores the importance of timely diagnosis and treatment to mitigate the long-term burden of HCV in children.
• Continued research and accessibility of DAAs are vital for global HCV elimination efforts in pediatric populations.