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Kidney disease associated with androgenic-anabolic steroids and vitamin supplements abuse: Be aware!
Sérgio Luiz Arruda Parente Filho1, Pedro Eduardo Andrade de Carvalho Gomes1, Guilherme Aguiar Forte1
1Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil.
Abstract:
The excessive chase for beauty standards and the rise of muscle dysmorphia have ultimately led to an increase in androgenic-anabolic steroids (AAS) and intramuscular injections of vitamins A, D and E (ADE) abuse, which is associated with several adverse effects and has become a public health issue. This review of literature discusses kidney injury associated with the use of AAS and ADE, highlighting the mechanisms of acute and chronic renal lesion, such as direct renal toxicity, glomerular hyperfiltration and hypercalcemia. Future perspectives regarding evaluation and early diagnosis of kidney injury in these patients are also discussed.
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