Childhood trauma predicts multiple, high lethality suicide attempts in patients with schizophrenia

Childhood trauma has been shown to increase the risk of suicide attempts in individuals with schizophrenia. However, previous literature has been limited by considerable heterogeneity within the category of suicide attempters. Here we tested the predictive effect of childhood maltreatment on lifetime suicide attempt in a homogeneous sample of 650 patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Childhood trauma was assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form and suicide history was measured using subjective and objective validated scales as well as medical chart reviews. We refined our sample into two homogenous groups: 1) suicide attempters: patients who had attempted suicide multiple times, with highly lethal results (medical hospitalization required) (n = 24); and 2) non-ideators: patients who had no personal history of suicide attempt or ideation, or family history of attempt (n = 25). Binary logistic regression models revealed that total childhood trauma (β = 0.002; OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.00-1.14) and emotional abuse (β = 0.04; OR: 1.38; 95% CI: 1.08-1.77), but not other trauma subtypes, significantly predicted lifetime multiple, high lethality suicide attempts after adjusting for demographic and clinical covariates. Thus, childhood trauma is a weak, independent risk factor for extreme suicide attempts in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders.