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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

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Endophytes alleviate the elevated CO2-dependent decrease in photosynthesis in rice, particularly under nitrogen

Hyungmin Rho1, Sharon Lafferty Doty1, Soo-Hyung Kim1

  • 1School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, College of the Environment, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Journal of Experimental Botany
|October 7, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) can reduce photosynthesis in C3 plants. However, inoculating rice with nitrogen-fixing endophytes prevents this decrease, improving plant growth and water use efficiency.

Keywords:
AcclimationCO2 enrichmentdown-regulationelectron transport rateendophytesmesophyll conductancephotosynthesisplant–microbe interactionsricewater-use efficiency

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Physiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations often lead to decreased photosynthetic capacity in C3 plants due to down-regulation.
  • Plants that host nitrogen-fixing bacteria are an exception, maintaining photosynthetic efficiency under high CO2.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for predicting plant responses to climate change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of endophytic diazotrophs on photosynthetic responses in rice under elevated CO2.
  • To determine if N-fixing endophytes can mitigate the negative effects of high CO2 on photosynthesis in non-nodulating plants.
  • To assess the influence of endophyte inoculation on water-use efficiency and nitrogen limitation.

Main Methods:

  • Rice plants were inoculated with diazotrophic endophytes.
  • CO2 response curves of photosynthesis were measured at the panicle initiation stage.
  • Measurements were taken under both ambient and elevated CO2 conditions, with and without endophyte inoculation.

Main Results:

  • Non-inoculated rice showed reduced photosynthesis under elevated CO2.
  • Endophyte-inoculated rice maintained photosynthetic rates under high CO2.
  • Inoculated plants exhibited enhanced photosynthetic electron transport and mesophyll conductance, particularly under nitrogen limitation.
  • Endophyte presence increased water-use efficiency under elevated CO2.

Conclusions:

  • Inoculation with N-fixing endophytes can effectively alleviate the negative impacts of elevated CO2 on rice photosynthesis.
  • This strategy enhances plant growth by mitigating nitrogen limitations.
  • Endophyte-mediated improvements in photosynthesis and water-use efficiency offer a promising approach for crop adaptation to rising CO2 levels.