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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Imaging Features of Systemic Sclerosis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease
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One year in review 2019: systemic sclerosis.

Simone Barsotti1, Martina Orlandi2, Veronica Codullo3

  • 1Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy.

Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology
|October 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex fibrotic disease affecting organs. This review highlights recent literature to identify novel approaches for improved patient management.

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology and Immunology
  • Vascular Biology
  • Fibrotic Diseases

Background:

  • Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis and vascular damage.
  • SSc affects the skin and internal organs, leading to significant morbidity.
  • Annual literature reveals diverse research on SSc pathogenesis, organ involvement, and therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the past year's literature on Systemic sclerosis (SSc).
  • To identify novel therapeutic approaches and insights for SSc management.
  • To aid clinicians in the clinical management of SSc patients.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature search of SSc research published in the past year.
  • Analysis of articles focusing on pathogenesis, organ involvement, and clinical aspects.
  • Identification of emerging therapeutic strategies and management guidelines.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies offer new insights into SSc pathogenesis, including fibrotic mechanisms.
  • Advances in understanding microvascular obliteration and its impact on organ damage.
  • Emerging therapeutic targets and strategies show promise for SSc treatment.

Conclusions:

  • The past year's research provides valuable updates for Systemic sclerosis (SSc) management.
  • Novel approaches identified may enhance clinical decision-making for SSc patients.
  • Continued review of literature is crucial for advancing SSc care.