Effect of cleaning protocol on silica deposition and silica-mediated bonding to Y-TZP

To evaluate the effect of cleaning methods on the deposition of silica on yttria-stabilized zirconium dioxide (Y-TZP) surface and on the silane-silica mediated bond strength between Y-TZP and resin cement.

Y-TZP slabs were air-abraded with 30μm silica-coated alumina particles and distributed in three groups: no cleaning, cleaning with a stream of oil-free air/water spray for 5s and cleaning with an ultrasonic bath in water for 10min. The distribution of Si on the Y-TZP surfaces was recorded using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). After the treatment was applied, Y-TZP slabs (n=20) received a primer application and resin cement cylinders were built on the surface. After storage (24h) in water storage or 3 months plus thermocycling; n=10), microshear bond strength test (μSBS) was performed. X- ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) characterized the chemical bonds between the silica layer and the silane-containing primer. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test, as well as Weibull analysis (α=0.05).

Cleaning method had a significant effect on the amount of Si deposited on zirconia surface (p<0.001) and, consequently, on bond strength (p<0.001). Storage/aging also had a significant effect on bond strength (p<0.001). Low values of Weibull moduli for bond strength were observed for all groups after aging. XPS showed silane-silica chemical interaction for all groups.

The silica deposited by tribochemical coating to Y-TZP was removed by the cleaning methods evaluated, compromising bond strength. Stability of the bonding is also a concern when no cleaning method is applied.