Dealing with saturated and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism for anticancer therapy

Although saturated fatty acid (FA) (SFA) and monounsaturated FA (MUFA) are synthesized in cancer cells from acetyl-CoA, polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) are necessarily obtained from diet. Depending on concentrations and metabolism, these different FAs may support tumor proliferation but also exert growth inhibitory effects. The mutual interplay between them also requires to integrate the FA oxidation component that may be concomitant with FA synthesis is cancer cells.

New molecular mechanisms driving FA synthesis, lipotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of eicosanoids in mouse and human cancers were recently elicited. To block or take advantage of the above represent attractive perspectives of treatments to fight cancer progression.

The various enzymatic reactions leading to SFA synthesis represent as many targets to prevent tumor growth. Ironically excess SFAs are per-se toxic for cancer cells and the introduction of a double bound to form MUFA is actually limiting lipotoxicity in cancer cells. Blocking stearoyl-CoA desaturase therefore represents another attractive modality. By contrast, dietary PUFAs may exert direct cytotoxic effects by promoting apoptosis or by generating anti-inflammatory eicosanoids. Altogether, these data point out the intricate relationship between SFA, MUFA and PUFA at the heart of the metabolism of proliferating cancer cells.