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Related Experiment Video

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LongAxis: A MATLAB-based program for 3D quantitative analysis of epithelial cell shape and orientation.

Keith R Carney1, Chase D Bryan1, Hannah B Gordon1

  • 1Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.

Developmental Biology
|October 8, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Loss of laminin-alpha1 (lama1) disrupts retinal progenitor cell orientation during eye development. Further loss of pard3 does not rescue this, revealing new cell size defects.

Keywords:
Extracellular matrixEyeMATLABMorphologyNeural retinaPolarity

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Ophthalmology

Background:

  • Epithelial morphogenesis is crucial for organ development, but 3D cell shape and orientation are hard to quantify.
  • The embryonic optic cup forms via epithelial morphogenesis, with retinal progenitors enwrapping the lens.
  • Laminin-alpha1 (lama1) deficiency causes mislocalization of polarity markers and apparent retinal progenitor misorientation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To visualize and quantify retinal progenitor cell misorientation in lama1 mutants.
  • To determine if loss of pard3 rescues the lama1-deficient phenotype.
  • To investigate the role of lama1 and pard3 in retinal development.

Main Methods:

  • Developed LongAxis, a MATLAB program for 3D cell segmentation, visualization, and quantification in the retinal progenitor neuroepithelium.
  • Analyzed retinal progenitor cell orientation and morphology in wild-type, lama1-/-, and lama1;MZpard3 double mutant embryos.
  • Quantified cell elongation and size in different genetic backgrounds.

Main Results:

  • Retinal progenitors in lama1-/- optic cups are misoriented and slightly less elongated.
  • In lama1;MZpard3 double mutants, cells remain misoriented and become larger.
  • Loss of pard3 does not rescue the lama1 phenotype and reveals a novel cell size defect.

Conclusions:

  • LongAxis software enables population-level 3D quantification of retinal progenitor cell orientation and morphology.
  • Laminin-alpha1 is essential for proper retinal progenitor cell orientation.
  • Loss of pard3 exacerbates retinal progenitor misorientation and affects cell size, indicating complex interactions in eye development.