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Characterization of Functionally Associated miRNAs in Glioblastoma and their Engineering into Artificial Clusters for Gene Therapy
Published on: October 4, 2019
Drug-induced modifications and modulations of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs for future therapy against
M Janaki Ramaiah1, Karthikeyan Divyapriya1, Sarwareddy Kartik Kumar1
1Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Disease Biology, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract:
Non-coding RNAs are known to participate in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis by regulating the status of chromatin epigenetics and gene expression. Although these non-coding RNAs do not possess defined protein-coding potential, they are involved in the expression and stability of messenger RNA (mRNA). The length of microRNAs (miRs) ranges between 20 and 22 nt, whereas, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) length ranges between 200 nt to 1 Kb. In the case of circular RNAs (circRNAs), the size varies depending upon the length of the exon from where they were derived. Epigenetic regulations of miR and lncRNA genes will influence the gene expression by modulating histone acetylation and methylation patterns. Especially, lncRNAs will act as a scaffold for various epigenetic proteins, such as EZH2 and LSD1, and influence the chromatin epigenetic state at various genomic loci involved at silencing. Thus investigations on the expression of lncRNAs and designing drugs to modulate the expression of these genes will have a profound impact on future therapeutics against cancers such as Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and also against various other diseases. With the recent advancements in genome-wide transcriptomic studies, scientists are focused on the non-coding RNAs and their regulations on various cellular processes involved in GBM and on other types of cancer as well as trying to understand possible epigenetic modulations that help in generating promising therapeutics for the future generations. In this review, the involvement of epigenetic proteins, enzymes that change chromatin architecture and epigenetic landscape and new roles of lncRNAs that are involved in GBM progression are elaborately discussed.
Insights
Non-coding RNAs regulate gene expression and cancer progression. Investigating long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and epigenetic modifications offers potential for new cancer therapies, particularly for Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM).
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Epigenetics
- Cancer Research
Background:
- Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play crucial roles in regulating gene expression and chromatin epigenetics.
- ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), influence mRNA stability and expression.
- Dysregulation of ncRNAs is implicated in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the involvement of epigenetic proteins and lncRNAs in Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) progression.
- To explore the epigenetic landscape and chromatin architecture modifications in cancer.
- To highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting ncRNAs and epigenetic pathways in cancer treatment.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent advancements in genome-wide transcriptomic studies.
- Analysis of the roles of epigenetic proteins (e.g., EZH2, LSD1) in regulating ncRNA gene expression.
- Discussion of lncRNAs as scaffolds for epigenetic modifiers and their impact on chromatin state.
Main Results:
- lncRNAs act as scaffolds for epigenetic proteins, influencing chromatin structure and gene silencing.
- Epigenetic regulation of miR and lncRNA genes modulates histone acetylation and methylation patterns.
- lncRNAs are increasingly recognized for their significant roles in GBM progression.
Conclusions:
- Targeting lncRNA expression and epigenetic modifications presents a promising therapeutic strategy for GBM and other cancers.
- Understanding the interplay between ncRNAs and epigenetic machinery is vital for developing future cancer treatments.
- Further research into ncRNAs and epigenetic modulations can lead to novel therapeutic interventions.
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