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How does balance during functional tasks change across older adulthood?

Taylor Matson1, Alison Schinkel-Ivy1

  • 1School of Physical & Health Education, Nipissing University, 100 College Drive, Box 5002, North Bay, Ontario, P1B 8L7, Canada.

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Balance declines with age during functional tasks like standing and lifting, increasing fall risk. These age-related changes in balance control are crucial for developing targeted interventions for older adults.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Biomechanics
  • Kinesiology

Background:

  • Aging is linked to decreased balance, heightening fall risk and diminishing independence in older adults.
  • Limited research has explored the relationship between age and balance during functional tasks.
  • Previous studies often treated older adults as a monolithic group, neglecting the continuum of aging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between age and balance measures during functional tasks in healthy, independently-living older adults.
  • To examine how balance changes across the aging spectrum in older adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-eight older adults (60-89 years) and 21 younger adults (18-30 years) performed tasks including quiet standing, sit-stand-sit, sit-stand-gait initiation, and lifting.
  • Ground reaction forces and whole-body motion were measured.
  • Key balance metrics, including center of pressure displacement variability and margin of stability, were analyzed using regression to assess age-related changes.

Main Results:

  • Age significantly correlated with balance measures in both younger and older adult groups.
  • Increased age was associated with greater center of pressure displacement variability and reduced margin of stability.
  • Specific age-related balance declines were observed during sit-stand-gait initiation and sit-stand-sit tasks in older adults.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence suggests balance declines during functional tasks across older adulthood, with some changes not apparent in younger populations.
  • Findings highlight specific balance measures that may decline with age, offering targets for fall prevention interventions.
  • Further research with diverse older adult cohorts is needed to confirm these findings and refine intervention strategies.