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Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
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Enriched Gellan Gum hydrogel as visco-supplement.

Gemma Leone1, Marco Consumi1, Simone Pepi2

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Siena, via A. Moro 2, Siena 53100, Italy; INSTM, via G. Giusti 9, 50121 Firenze, Italy.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|October 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

A novel Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) shows promise for osteoarthritis (OA) treatment. This injectable hydrogel offers improved viscoelastic properties and cytocompatibility for viscosupplementation therapy.

Keywords:
Gellan GumPVARheologySTMPSwellingViscosupplement

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Rheumatology
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Viscosupplementation with hyaluronic acid is a primary treatment for mild to moderate osteoarthritis (OA).
  • Ongoing research seeks new agents with improved injectability and viscoelasticity for OA therapy.
  • Hyaluronic acid, while effective, faces limitations necessitating alternative biomaterials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel coated with crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for OA treatment.
  • To enhance the stability, injectability, and viscoelastic properties of Gellan Gum for intra-articular injection.
  • To evaluate the cytocompatibility of the developed hydrogel with chondrocytes.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a Gellan Gum (GG) hydrogel and subsequent coating with crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
  • Thermal analysis to assess hydrogel structuring and swelling properties.
  • Rheological measurements to determine elastic and viscous moduli, shear resistance, and thixotropic behavior.
  • Evaluation of injectability and in vitro cytocompatibility with chondrocytes.

Main Results:

  • The PVA coating enhanced the structural organization of the GG hydrogel without compromising swelling capacity.
  • The composite hydrogel exhibited increased elastic and viscous moduli, improved resistance to shear and compression, and enhanced thixotropic properties.
  • The double-crosslinked hydrogel maintained good injectability.
  • The material demonstrated favorable cytocompatibility with chondrocytes.

Conclusions:

  • The PVA-coated GG hydrogel presents a promising alternative biomaterial for viscosupplementation in osteoarthritis.
  • The enhanced mechanical properties and injectability of the hydrogel make it suitable for intra-articular delivery.
  • The demonstrated cytocompatibility supports its potential for therapeutic applications in OA treatment.