Accurate quantification of small and large starch granules in barley and malt

The proportion of small and large starch granules in barley and malt is often neglected, leading to underestimation of their importance in processes in which they are used. This study aimed to accurately determine the volume and number based percentages of small and large starch granules for three barley varieties, their micro-malted malts and three commercial malts. Quantitative starch isolation was performed and starch granule proportions were estimated using microscopic and image analysis, taking the non-sphericity of the large starch granules into account. Results show that barley starch consists of 32-39 volume% of small starch granules. Upon malting, this percentage is reduced to 17-27 volume%, showing that small granules are hydrolyzed faster than large granules during this process. The analyzed commercial malt samples have a small starch granule content of 22-25 volume%. Malt hence still contains a substantial amount of small starch granules, which can be expected to impact processing.