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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations
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Experimental Research Examining How People Can Cope with Uncertainty Through Soft Haptic Sensations

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Memory influences haptic perception of softness.

Anna Metzger1, Knut Drewing2

  • 1Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of General Psychology, Giessen, Otto-Behaghel-Strasse 10F, D-35394, Giessen, Germany. anna.metzger@psychol.uni-giessen.de.

Scientific Reports
|October 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Memory of an object's typical softness influences how we feel its texture. Even when covered, objects covered with soft materials felt softer than those covered with hard materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Sensory Perception

Background:

  • Object properties, like color, can alter visual perception.
  • The influence of memory on tactile perception remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if memory of an object's softness affects its haptic perception.
  • To determine if prior knowledge of an object's texture impacts tactile judgments.

Main Methods:

  • Bipartite silicone stimuli were created, with one half covered by familiar object materials (sponge, wood, tennis ball, foam ball) and the other half left as uncovered silicone.
  • Participants first touched the covering layer to identify the object, then indented the silicone to compare its perceived softness.
  • Four experiments utilized varied methodologies to assess haptic perception.

Main Results:

  • Silicone stimuli covered with soft materials (sponge, foam ball) were perceived as softer.
  • Stimuli covered with hard materials (tennis ball, wood) were perceived as harder.
  • This indicates a significant effect of memory on haptic softness perception.

Conclusions:

  • Memory of an object's typical softness demonstrably influences its haptic perception.
  • Prior knowledge about an object's texture primes tactile evaluation.
  • The study highlights the interplay between memory and sensory input in shaping perception.