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Temporal trends in incidence of pediatric type 1 diabetes in Alabama: 2000-2017

Tanya A Correya1, Ambika P Ashraf2, Russell Griffin3

  • 1Science and Technology Honors, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.

Pediatric Diabetes
|October 9, 2019
PubMed

Insights

Type 1 diabetes incidence in Alabama children rose significantly, with Black children experiencing a tripling of rates compared to a doubling in White children. These trends highlight racial disparities in childhood type 1 diabetes incidence.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes incidence is rising globally.
  • Understanding trends by race and sex is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate racial and sex-based trends in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes incidence in Alabama.
  • To analyze changes in incidence rates over time within different demographic groups.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective observational cohort study of 3770 children with type 1 diabetes (2000-2017).
  • Analysis of crude and age-adjusted incidence rates using negative binomial and joinpoint regression.
  • Comparison of annual trends by race and sex.

Main Results:

  • Overall incidence was 16.7 per 100,000 children.
  • Age-adjusted incidence increased by 10% annually (2000-2007), then decreased by 1.7% (2007-2017).
  • Incidence increased for both White (4.4% AAPC) and Black (2.8% AAPC) children, with trends plateauing later for Black children.

Conclusions:

  • While incidence initially rose for both races, it stabilized for Whites and significantly decreased for Blacks.
  • Black children experienced a tripling of type 1 diabetes incidence compared to a doubling in White children.
  • These findings underscore significant racial disparities in childhood type 1 diabetes trends.
Abstract

Keywords:
diabetes in youthepidemiologyincidencetrendstype 1 diabetes

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