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There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Low-Cost Automated Flight Intercept Trap for the Temporal Sub-Sampling of Flying Insects Attracted to Artificial Light at Night
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The insect apocalypse, and why it matters.

Dave Goulson1

  • 1Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK.

Current Biology : CB
|October 9, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Insect populations are in catastrophic decline, with biomass dropping by up to 76% in Germany and 98% in Puerto Rico. This insect loss threatens ecosystem collapse due to their vital roles in food webs and pollination.

Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Zoology

Background:

  • Conservation efforts disproportionately focus on large vertebrates, neglecting invertebrates.
  • Insects, despite their abundance and ecological importance, lack sufficient long-term population data.
  • Recent findings indicate a potential catastrophic decline in insect populations globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize recent findings on insect population trends.
  • To highlight the ecological significance of insects.
  • To underscore the potential consequences of insect decline for ecosystem stability.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of long-term insect biomass and abundance data from Germany and Puerto Rico.
  • Review of corroborative evidence from butterfly populations in Europe and California.

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  • Identification of potential drivers of insect decline.
  • Main Results:

    • German study: 76% decline in insect biomass over 26 years.
    • Puerto Rican study: 75-98% decline in insect abundance over 35 years.
    • Supporting evidence from butterfly studies indicates widespread, though less severe, reductions.

    Conclusions:

    • Insect populations are experiencing severe, potentially catastrophic declines.
    • Key drivers include habitat loss, pesticide exposure, and climate change.
    • The collapse of insect populations poses a severe threat to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems, impacting food webs, pollination, and nutrient cycling.