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Atherogenic Index of Plasma: Novel Predictive Biomarker for Cardiovascular Illnesses
Juan C Fernández-Macías1, Angeles C Ochoa-Martínez1, José A Varela-Silva2
1Laboratorio de Toxicología Molecular, Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud, Coordinación para la Innovación y Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México.
Insights
The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) shows potential as an affordable biomarker for early cardiovascular disease (CVD) detection in Mexican women, aiding developing countries in risk assessment.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Biochemistry
- Public Health
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a leading global cause of mortality.
- Accurate and rapid CVD risk identification is crucial for prevention.
- Developing nations require cost-effective methods for cardiovascular event prognostication.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate established clinical prognostic markers in Mexican women.
- To identify affordable, specific, and useful tools for predicting cardiovascular events.
Main Methods:
- A cross-sectional study included 340 healthy women.
- Collected anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical data (lipids, ADMA, FABP4).
- Calculated atherogenic indices: Framingham risk score, Castelli's risk index, and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP).
Main Results:
- Mean Framingham risk score: 6.5 ± 7.2; Castelli's risk index: 3.7 ± 1.3; AIP: 0.12 ± 0.22.
- Mean ADMA: 0.68 ± 0.34 mmol/L; FABP4: 20.3 ± 16.6 ng/mL.
- Significant positive correlations found between AIP and serum FABP4 and ADMA levels.
Conclusions:
- The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a potential biomarker for early CVD diagnosis.
- AIP offers a promising, affordable tool for cardiovascular event prediction in developing countries.
Background/Aim:
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the most important cause of mortality globally. Nevertheless, the World Health Organization have declared that a precise and quick recognition of susceptible individuals to develop CVD is imperative to combat those illnesses. Additionally, developing countries need affordable alternatives to effectively prognosticate cardiovascular events. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess well-established clinical prognostic markers in Mexican women to identify affordable, specific, and useful tools to predict cardiovascular events.
Material And Methods:
A cross-sectional study was performed including 340 healthy women. Anthropometric and clinical measurements were acquired from all enrolled individuals. Also, a blood sample of each participant women was obtained to complete biochemical analyses (triglycerides, glucose, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol), and serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), and adipocyte-fatty acid binding protein (FABP4) determinations. Finally, with anthropometric, clinical and biochemical determinations, atherogenic indices (Framingham risk score, Castelli's risk index, and atherogenic index of plasma) were estimated.
Results:
A mean value of 6.5 ± 7.2 was detected for the Framingham risk score, 3.7 ± 1.3 for Castelli's risk index, and 0.12 ± 0.22 for the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Circulating mean ADMA and FABP4 levels found in assessed women were 0.68 ± 0.34 mmol/L and 20.3 ± 16.6 ng/mL, respectively. Furthermore, strong positive relationships (p <0.05) between AIP and serum FABP4 and ADMA concentrations were detected after adjustment by traditional CVD risk factors.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, AIP could be recommended as a potential biomarker in the early diagnosis of CVD events in developing countries.
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