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Related Concept Videos

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Atherosclerosis III: Management01:26

Atherosclerosis III: Management

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Management of atherosclerosis involves an integrated strategy encompassing pharmacological treatment, surgical interventions, lifestyle changes, and nutrition therapy to address the multifactorial nature of the disease.Pharmacological TherapyA cornerstone of atherosclerosis management is the use of pharmacological agents. Statins, such as atorvastatin, are pivotal in inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes an initial step in cholesterol synthesis in the liver. This reduction in...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

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Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Novel In Vivo Micro-Computed Tomography Imaging Techniques for Assessing the Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
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NAFLD and cardiovascular disease.

Elisabete Martins1,2,3, Ana Oliveira4

  • 1Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine.

Porto Biomedical Journal
|October 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rising due to poor diet and inactivity, increasing obesity and type 2 diabetes. This review explores NAFLD's link to heart disease and metabolic syndrome, impacting clinical practice.

Keywords:
NAFLDcardiovascularhepatic steatosisnonalcoholic fatty liver disease

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Cardiology
  • Metabolic Syndrome Research

Background:

  • Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a leading cause of chronic liver disease and liver transplantation in Western countries.
  • Its prevalence is increasing due to dietary shifts, sedentary lifestyles, obesity, and type 2 diabetes.
  • Emerging evidence links NAFLD to cardiovascular diseases (CVD) independently of traditional risk factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the role of the liver in metabolic syndrome: is it a key effector or a target organ?
  • To review therapeutic strategies that impact liver disease progression and cardiovascular risk.
  • To examine the interplay between hepatic disease, metabolic syndrome, and CVD.

Main Methods:

  • This is a review article, synthesizing existing research.
  • It focuses on analyzing the interactions between liver disease, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular diseases.
  • Evidence from the last two decades regarding therapeutic interventions is considered.

Main Results:

  • NAFLD is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases, independent of other metabolic risk factors.
  • The liver's role in metabolic syndrome is complex, acting as both an effector and a target organ.
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting liver disease progression may reduce cardiovascular risk.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interactions between NAFLD, metabolic syndrome, and CVD is crucial for clinical practice.
  • The liver plays a central role in the pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome and its cardiovascular complications.
  • Further research and clinical strategies are needed to manage these interconnected conditions.