Neuromodulating attention and mind-wandering processes with multi-session real-time electroencephalogram.

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Cognitive Psychology
• Biofeedback

Background:

• Single-session real-time electroencephalogram (rtEEG) protocols show efficacy in sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) or Theta up-training.
• Previous studies indicated modest impacts on sustained and mind-wandering attention, potentially due to limited specificity in down-training protocols.
• Multi-session rtEEG protocols and refined attention tracking may be necessary for consistent effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the effects of a 10-session rtEEG protocol involving up-training/down-training of SMR or Theta on attention.
• To evaluate two distinct rtEEG training protocols (SMR⇑Theta⇓ and Theta⇑SMR⇓) using N of 1 subject designs.
• To assess the impact of these protocols on sustained and mind-wandering attention during the Sustained Attention Response Task (SART).

Main Methods:

• Employed a 10-session real-time electroencephalogram (rtEEG) training regimen.
• Utilized two specific protocols: SMR up-training/Theta down-training (SMR⇑Theta⇓) and Theta up-training/SMR down-training (Theta⇑SMR⇓).
• Assessed sustained and mind-wandering attention using the Sustained Attention Response Task (SART) in N of 1 subject designs.

Main Results:

• Confirmed the potential of multi-session rtEEG for up-training Theta or SMR.
• Theta up-training was associated with increased sustained attention.
• SMR up-training was linked to increased mind-wandering attention, though protocol specificity was reduced by simultaneous amplitude increases in non-targeted bands.

Conclusions:

• Multi-session rtEEG protocols show promise for enhancing specific attentional states.
• Theta up-training can improve sustained attention, while SMR up-training may enhance mind-wandering attention.
• Future research should focus on increasing protocol specificity and utilizing engaging feedback mechanisms for improved rtEEG training outcomes.