Comparison between multicomponent and simultaneous dual-task exercise interventions in long-term nursing home...

Area of Science:

• Gerontology
• Exercise Science
• Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

• The benefits of dual-task interventions for older adults in long-term nursing homes (LTNHs) are not well understood.
• This study investigates whether adding cognitive training to a multicomponent exercise program provides additional benefits.

Purpose of the Study:

• To determine if simultaneous cognitive training enhances dual-task, physical, and cognitive performance in LTNH residents.
• To assess the impact on psycho-affective status, quality of life, and frailty.

Main Methods:

• A single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted in nine LTNHs with 85 participants.
• Participants were assigned to either a multicomponent exercise group or a dual-task training group for 3 months.
• Gait speed, physical/cognitive performance, psycho-affective status, quality of life, and frailty were measured pre- and post-intervention.

Main Results:

• Both groups improved gait performance and physical function (short physical performance battery).
• Cognitive function was maintained in both groups.
• The multicomponent group showed significant improvements in quality of life, reduced anxiety, and decreased frailty scores.

Conclusions:

• Adding simultaneous cognitive training to a multicomponent exercise program does not appear to offer significant additional benefits for older adults in LTNHs.
• Multicomponent exercise alone effectively improved several health and well-being indicators.