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Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

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Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
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Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
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Patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction who remain symptomatic despite optimal medical therapy may undergo a septal myectomy (Morrow procedure). This procedure involves excising a portion of the hypertrophied septum below the aortic valve using a heart-lung machine to improve blood flow through the LVOT. Effective preoperative and postoperative nursing management ensures successful patient outcomes, minimizes complications, and...
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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
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Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
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Acquisition of Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data in the Rat
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[Perioperative dexamethasone].

B Sinner1

  • 1Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauss-Allee 11, 93953, Regensburg, Deutschland. barbara.sinner@klinik.uni-regensburg.de.

Der Anaesthesist
|October 10, 2019
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dexamethasone, a synthetic steroid, is widely used for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects. It is now a standard treatment for preventing and managing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).

Keywords:
AnalgesiaPerioperative painPharmacologic treatmentPostoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV)Prophylaxis

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Surgical Care

Background:

  • Dexamethasone is a synthetic steroid with established anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, and immunosuppressive properties.
  • It has a long history of use in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
  • Dexamethasone is now recognized as a standard therapy for preventing and treating postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current indications for perioperative dexamethasone administration.
  • To outline the potential side effects associated with perioperative dexamethasone use.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of dexamethasone's role in surgical settings.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies and clinical guidelines.
  • Analysis of data on dexamethasone's efficacy and safety in perioperative care.
  • Synthesis of information regarding dexamethasone's pharmacological actions.

Main Results:

  • Dexamethasone is effective in preventing and treating PONV, with established indications.
  • Perioperative administration is associated with specific side effect profiles that require consideration.
  • The review consolidates evidence supporting its use in surgical patients.

Conclusions:

  • Perioperative dexamethasone is a valuable tool for managing PONV.
  • Understanding its indications and side effects is crucial for safe and effective clinical application.
  • Further research may refine optimal dosing and patient selection for perioperative dexamethasone.