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Naturalistic Observations

Naturalistic Observations

If you want to understand how behavior occurs, one of the best ways to gain information is to simply observe the behavior in its natural context. However, people might change their behavior in unexpected ways if they know they are being observed. How do researchers obtain accurate information when people tend to hide their natural behavior? As an example, imagine that your professor asks everyone in your class to raise their hand if they always wash their hands after using the restroom. Chances...

Observational Studies

Observational Studies

Observational studies are a type of analytical study where researchers observe events without any interventions. In other words, the researcher does not influence the response variable or the experiment's outcome.
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Prospective Study
Prospective studies, also known as longitudinal or cohort studies, are carried out by collecting future data from groups sharing similar characteristics. One...

Case Studies

Case Studies

There are many research methods available to psychologists in their efforts to understand, describe, and explain behavior and the cognitive and biological processes that underlie it.

Observational Learning

Observational Learning

Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...

Data Collection by Observations

Data Collection by Observations

Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
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Surveys

Surveys

Often, psychologists develop surveys as a means of gathering data. Surveys are lists of questions to be answered by research participants, and can be delivered as paper-and-pencil questionnaires, administered electronically, or conducted verbally. Generally, the survey itself can be completed in a short time, and the ease of administering a survey makes it easy to collect data from a large number of people.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 6, 2026

Measuring Light-Switching Behavior Using an Occupancy and Light Data Logger

Measuring Light-Switching Behavior Using an Occupancy and Light Data Logger

Published on: January 16, 2020

The learning environment on a student ward: an observational study.

Anna Dyar¹, Hanna Lachmann^2,3, Terese Stenfors²

¹Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. anna.dyar@ki.se.

Perspectives on Medical Education

|October 10, 2019

Summary

Student wards foster learning through active student participation, peer support, and dedicated staff. This creates a positive clinical learning environment where education is prioritized alongside patient care.

Keywords:

Observation Peer learning Professional education Student ward

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Last Updated: Jan 6, 2026

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Area of Science:

Medical Education
Nursing Education
Clinical Learning Environments

Background:

Increasing demand for clinical learning environments for healthcare students.
Adaptation of hospital wards into 'student wards' to meet educational needs.
Lack of clear definition and research on the characteristics of student wards.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe the defining characteristics of the learning environment on a student ward.
To understand the factors contributing to a successful student ward.
To inform the development and support of student wards.

Main Methods:

Ethnographic observational study conducted on a student ward in Sweden.
Observation of student nurses, supervisors, and ward staff.
Thematic analysis of field notes from observations.

Main Results:

Four key themes emerged: Student-led learning, Learning together (peer learning/supervision), Staff's approach to learning (personalized relationships, trust, inter-professional teaching, supervisor motivation), and Student-dedicated space.
Student wards function as communities of practice prioritizing learning.
Effective student wards balance clinical care with student education.

Conclusions:

Student wards are characterized by a strong community of practice focused on learning.
A supportive staff approach and dedicated student spaces enhance the learning environment.
This study provides a foundation for future research on student wards.