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Finland: Health System Review
Ilmo Keskimaki1, Liina-Kaisa Tynkkynen2, Eeva Reissell3
1Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare and Tampere University.
Health Systems in Transition
|October 10, 2019
Summary
Finland's decentralized health system, while effective, faces challenges in accessibility due to long waits and costs. Reaching consensus on necessary health reforms remains difficult despite broad agreement.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Health Services Research
- Health Policy
Background:
- Finland exhibits characteristics of a welfare state with high living standards and low poverty rates.
- The Finnish health system is marked by decentralized administration, diverse funding streams, and multiple service provision channels.
- Municipalities are central to organizing and financing primary and specialized healthcare services.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the organization, governance, and financing of the Finnish health system.
- To analyze health reforms and evaluate the performance of the Finnish health system.
- To identify challenges in the Finnish health system, including accessibility and reform consensus.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of the Finnish health system's structure and function.
- Review of developments in health system organization, governance, and financing.
- Assessment of health service provision, reforms, and overall performance.
Main Results:
- The Finnish health system features fragmented financing with significant contributions from municipalities, national health insurance, employers, and households.
- While health services are effective, accessibility is potentially hindered by extended waiting times and substantial cost-sharing.
- Decentralized administration by municipalities is a key organizational feature.
Conclusions:
- The Finnish health system demonstrates relative effectiveness but faces accessibility issues.
- Fragmented financing and challenges in achieving policy consensus complicate necessary health system reforms.
- Ongoing efforts to reform the Finnish health system have been hindered by difficulties in reaching policy consensus.
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