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In power systems, the entire setup is divided into protective zones to isolate faults and protect the rest of the network. These zones include generators, transformers, buses, transmission lines, distribution lines, and motors. Each zone can be visualized as a separate room in a house, with each room protected by its own circuit breaker.
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Operating and Biocontainment Procedures of a Facility for Laboratory Mice with a Natural Microbiome: Immunophenotyping Procedure
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Interface processes between protected and unprotected areas: A global review and ways forward.

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  • 1UMR CNRS 6554 LETG-Angers, UFR Sciences, University of Angers, Angers, France.

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Summary

Protected areas (PAs) show positive ecological effects, but their impact on local communities is understudied. Research gaps exist in understanding PA interactive zones and human-conservation synergies.

Keywords:
biodiversity conservationbuffer zoneslandscape changenatural resource governanceprotected area managementtransition areas

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Area of Science:

  • Conservation Science
  • Ecology
  • Environmental Management

Background:

  • Land-use changes and protected area (PA) expansion increase interactions between protected and unprotected areas.
  • Interface processes, including human-nature and cross-boundary interactions, are critical for biodiversity and ecosystem services conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge and identify research gaps on interface processes concerning terrestrial PAs.
  • To analyze the diversity of research topics, geographical distribution, and assessed processes related to PA interface dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Scientometric analysis of 3,515 references from Web of Science.
  • Full-text analysis of 240 selected research papers.
  • Keyword analysis to identify research topics and geographical biases.

Main Results:

  • Research covers diverse topics from ecology to sociopolitics, with a geographical bias towards eight countries.
  • Ecological effects of PAs are well-documented and generally positive.
  • Effects on local communities are understudied and context-dependent; spatial extent of interactions is rarely assessed.

Conclusions:

  • Key advances include understanding PA ecological outcomes, human impact on biodiversity, and PA governance.
  • Major knowledge gaps are the spatial delimitation of PA interactive zones and human-conservation interactions.
  • Future research priorities should address these gaps to tackle environmental and socioeconomic challenges.