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Celiac Disease and the Microbiome.

Francesco Valitutti1,2, Salvatore Cucchiara3, Alessio Fasano4,5,6

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Changes in the gut microbiome are linked to celiac disease (CD). This review synthesizes current evidence on the intestinal microbiome

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Microbiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • The intestinal microbiome's composition and function are increasingly linked to chronic inflammatory diseases.
  • Celiac disease (CD) is one such condition where microbiome alterations are suspected.
  • Culture-independent molecular techniques (DNA/RNA analysis) have revolutionized microbiota studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize existing pre-clinical and clinical evidence.
  • To address the heterogeneous and sometimes contradictory findings regarding the microbiome's role in CD.
  • To consolidate knowledge on the relationship between the intestinal microbiome and celiac disease.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of pre-clinical studies (basic science data).
  • Analysis of clinical evidence including cross-sectional and prospective studies.
  • Focus on culture-independent methods for microbiome characterization.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests a connection between gut microbiome changes and celiac disease.
  • The exact role of the microbiome as a causative trigger for CD remains debated.
  • Data quality and study designs vary, leading to heterogeneous findings.

Conclusions:

  • The intestinal microbiome is a significant factor in celiac disease pathogenesis.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the causal relationship and specific microbial roles.
  • Standardized methodologies are crucial for advancing microbiome research in CD.