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Vasculitis and the ear: a literature review
Torsten Rahne1, Stefan Plontke1, Gernot Keyßer2
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery.
Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|October 11, 2019
Summary
Systemic vasculitides can cause ear problems like hearing loss and vertigo. Early diagnosis and treatment, including cochlear implantation for certain conditions, are crucial for managing these auditory symptoms.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Rheumatology
- Immunology
Background:
- Systemic vasculitides are inflammatory disorders affecting blood vessels.
- These conditions can manifest with diverse clinical symptoms in the ear and cochleovestibular system.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent literature on ear and cochleovestibular system involvement in various systemic vasculitides.
- To highlight specific conditions such as giant-cell arteritis, Takayasu's arteritis, and granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA).
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent publications.
- Focus on clinical manifestations, audiologic findings, and treatment strategies.
Main Results:
- Hearing impairment, tinnitus, and vertigo are common in vasculitis patients.
- Sensorineural hearing loss can range from mild to profound deafness.
- Autoimmune diseases can also cause conductive hearing loss through middle ear effusions or Eustachian tube inflammation.
Conclusions:
- Middle ear inflammation is noted in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) and eosinophilic GPA.
- Cochlear implantation is a potential treatment for progressive sensorineural hearing loss in polyarteritis nodosa and Cogan's syndrome.
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