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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Myocarditis: Comprehensive Medical ManagementMyocarditis, the heart muscle inflammation, requires a comprehensive medical management strategy that addresses the underlying cause, provides supportive care, manages symptoms, and reduces cardiac workload.Infections and Autoimmune CausesAdminister appropriate antimicrobial therapy when an infectious agent causes myocarditis. For instance, penicillin treats infections caused by Group A Streptococcus. In cases where autoimmune processes are...
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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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Related Experiment Video

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors and vasculitis.

Patrick Boland1, Jacqueline Heath, Sabina Sandigursky

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA.

Current Opinion in Rheumatology
|October 11, 2019
PubMed
Summary

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can cause rare but serious autoimmune conditions like vasculitis. Recognizing and managing this risk is crucial for cancer patients undergoing ICI therapy.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed cancer treatment by activating the immune system.
  • However, ICIs can trigger de-novo autoimmune diseases, known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs).
  • Vasculitic syndromes are among the serious irAEs, presenting challenges in diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the literature on vasculitis associated with ICI therapy.
  • To describe the frequency, presentation patterns, mechanisms, and phenotypes of ICI-induced vasculitis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies reporting vasculitis in patients treated with ICIs.

Main Results:

  • Vasculitis is an infrequent but potentially severe irAE of ICI therapy.

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  • ICI-induced vasculitis can be organ-limited or systemic, leading to significant morbidity and mortality.

    • Conclusions:

    • Understanding the risk and management of ICI-induced vasculitis is essential for rheumatologists.
    • Early recognition and appropriate management are critical for improving outcomes in cancer patients receiving ICIs.