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Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

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Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Types Of Superconductors01:28

Types Of Superconductors

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A superconductor is a substance that offers zero resistance to the electric current when it drops below a critical temperature. Zero resistance is not the only interesting phenomenon as materials reach their transition temperatures. A second effect is the exclusion of magnetic fields. This is known as the Meissner effect. A light, permanent magnet placed over a superconducting sample will levitate in a stable position above the superconductor. High-speed trains that levitate on strong...
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Diamagnetism01:26

Diamagnetism

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Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....
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Theory of Metallic Conduction01:17

Theory of Metallic Conduction

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The conduction of free electrons inside a conductor is best described by quantum mechanics. However, a classical model makes predictions close to the results of quantum mechanics. It is called the theory of metallic conduction.
In this theory, Newton's second law of motion is used to determine the acceleration of an electron in the presence of an applied electric field. Then, its velocity is expressed via this acceleration.
An electron moves through the crystal, containing positive ions,...
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Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview01:12

Two-Dimensional (2D) NMR: Overview

1.4K
The 1D NMR spectrum of large and complex molecules like natural products has complicated splitting patterns and overlapping signals, which can be easily interpreted using 2-dimensional (2D) NMR. Unlike 1D NMR, 2D NMR has two frequency axes that provide the coupling information between the nucleus A and nucleus B in a molecule. The process from which 2D spectra are obtained has four steps.
The first step is the preparation period, during which nucleus A is excited with a radiofrequency pulse....
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Two-Dimensional Ferroics and Multiferroics: Platforms for New Physics and Applications.

Xiao Tang1, Liangzhi Kou1

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|October 11, 2019
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Summary

This perspective reviews two-dimensional (2D) ferroic materials, including ferromagnets, ferroelectrics, and multiferroics. It highlights their novel physics, applications in nanoelectronics, and future research directions for ferroic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Two-dimensional (2D) ferroic materials (ferromagnets, ferroelectrics, ferroelastics, multiferroics) have emerged with significant interest.
  • Research in this area is driven by novel physics and potential applications in nanoelectronics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To comprehensively review recent theoretical and experimental progress in 2D ferroic materials.
  • To introduce the coupling between different ferroic orders and highlight 2D multiferroic materials.
  • To discuss future research directions and provide guidelines for researchers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of theoretical proposals and experimental revelations of 2D ferroic materials.
  • Analysis of coupling between ferroic orders.
  • Discussion of proposed applications in nanoelectronics.

Main Results:

  • Recent advancements in 2D ferromagnets, ferroelectrics, ferroelastics, and multiferroics are detailed.
  • The coupling of ferroic orders and the emergence of 2D multiferroics are highlighted.
  • Potential applications in nanoelectronics are explored.

Conclusions:

  • The review provides a comprehensive overview of the current state of 2D ferroic materials.
  • It is expected to guide future research and inspire the development of new ferroic devices.
  • Further exploration of novel physics and applications in the 2D limit is encouraged.