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"A priori" Dietary Patterns and Cognitive Function in the SUN Project.

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The MIND diet and Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) show benefits for cognitive function over six years. Other diets like Mediterranean (MDP), DASH, and pro-vegetarian (PVD) had inconclusive results.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Cognitive decline is a growing public health concern.
  • Dietary patterns are increasingly recognized as modifiable factors influencing cognitive health.
  • Previous research suggests various diets may impact cognitive function, but direct comparisons are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the associations of five distinct dietary patterns with cognitive function.
  • To evaluate the long-term effects of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative delay (MIND), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010), and a pro-vegetarian diet (PVD) on cognitive trajectories.

Main Methods:

  • A subgroup of 806 university graduates (>55 years) from the SUN cohort was followed for 6 years.
  • Cognitive function was assessed using the Spanish Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (STICS-m) at baseline and after 2 and 6 years.
  • Linear regression and mixed-effects models analyzed the association between adherence scores for each dietary pattern and changes in cognitive function, adjusting for confounders.

Main Results:

  • A 1-SD increase in AHEI-2010 adherence was associated with a 0.25-point advantage in the 6-year change in STICS-m score.
  • A 1-SD increase in MIND diet adherence was associated with a 0.27-point advantage in the 6-year change in STICS-m score.
  • Mediterranean (MDP), DASH, and pro-vegetarian (PVD) diets showed non-significant positive trends, with inconclusive results.

Conclusions:

  • The MIND diet demonstrates a beneficial association with cognitive function over time.
  • The AHEI-2010 dietary pattern also suggests a potential benefit for maintaining cognitive function.
  • Further research is needed to clarify the impact of MDP, DASH, and PVD on cognitive health trajectories.