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Staphylococcal enterotoxin A is encoded by phage.

M J Betley, J J Mekalanos

    Science (New York, N.Y.)
    |July 12, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Temperate bacteriophages carry the staphylococcal enterotoxin A (entA) gene in Staphylococcus aureus. These phages, including defective variants, show genetic diversity and integrate near the entA gene, influencing toxin production.

    Area of Science:

    • Microbiology
    • Molecular Biology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) is a key virulence factor in Staphylococcus aureus infections.
    • The genetic basis for SEA production and its transmission among bacterial strains is not fully understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of bacteriophages in carrying and potentially regulating the staphylococcal enterotoxin A (entA) gene.
    • To characterize the genetic relationship between entA-carrying phages and their bacterial hosts.

    Main Methods:

    • DNA hybridization analysis was used to compare phage and bacterial DNA.
    • Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was performed on DNA from various Staphylococcus aureus strains.
    • Bacterial induction assays were conducted to detect viable phage production.

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    Main Results:

    • The entA gene in two wild-type strains was found to be located on temperate bacteriophages.
    • entA-converting phage PS42-D integrates into the bacterial chromosome via the Campbell model, near its attachment site.
    • Extensive homology was observed between entA-converting phage DNA and DNA from both enterotoxin A-producing and non-producing Staphylococcus aureus strains, indicating significant genetic polymorphism.
    • Some enterotoxin A-producing strains did not yield viable phage upon induction, suggesting the presence of defective phages.

    Conclusions:

    • A diverse family of Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophages, including potentially defective ones, are capable of carrying the entA gene.
    • Bacteriophage carriage and genetic variability contribute to the dissemination and regulation of staphylococcal enterotoxin A production.